An Antidote Of Modern Society Stoicism - 1058 Words

An Antidote to Modern Society: Stoicism In the early days of the United States, Jefferson laments to his friend Thomas Paine â€Å"many of the high and important characters are in need of learning the lessons of republicanism.† Jefferson encourages Paine to â€Å"Go on then in doing with your pen what in other times was done with the sword† (Jefferson). Echoing the adage â€Å"The pen is mightier than the sword†, this proverb is the basis of Bernays’ philosophy. When Bernays revolutionized public relations, he did so by operating on the mind. His legacy is prevalent to this day, as displayed by the seemingly limitless amounts of advertisements seen daily. Since it is intellectually lazy to fall victim to propaganda, adopting a practical philosophy such as Stoicism can serve to resist those who wish to manipulate. The nephew of psychoanalysis giant Sigmund Freud, Edward Bernays applied his uncle’s research to modern society. Written on his tombstone is â€Å"the father of public relations †, as his campaigns transformed how companies interact with society. Bernays expresses his justification for public relations in his book Propaganda. In the opening chapter, Organizing Chaos, Bernays asserts â€Å"The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society† (9). He specifies â€Å"economic life would become hopelessly jammed. To avoid such confusion, society consents†¦ through propaganda of allShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesLandscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - A Corrupt And Chaotic World

In Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, a corrupt and chaotic world is illustrated through the through the portrayal of contrasting realms, the interior and exterior. Within in the play, Shakespeare illustrates the story of a Danish prince, Hamlet, whose uncle murders the Hamlet’s father, marries his mother, and claims the throne leading to Hamlet’s journey to avenge his father all coinciding with in the city of Elsinore. Simultaneously with Hamlet’s journey Shakespeare juxtaposes a seemingly healthy exterior concealing an interior sickens of not only the people of Elsinore but the castle surrounding Elsinore itself. This reoccurring motif embodies the play with a duplicit nature, one of concealed evil and disease that continually reminds us that, in both a specific and a broader sense, â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (I.i.4). This construct is exemplified through an established dichotomy of interior and exterior thematic perceptions of health from the physical setting to the characters in the Hamlet, overarching the theme of corruption to further shed light on the duplicit nature of society thus providing support for the unveiling of the truth cultivate a better understanding of how to act within society and overall lead to greater benefits for society as a whole. Corruption in the context of Hamlet, first appears in the play’s introduction. Shakespeare begins Hamlet by describing Elsinore and Denmark as a whole. The seemingly simple setting brings more to the playShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Morality Of Hamlet- Sweet Prince Or Arrant Knave Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesA literary critic of Hamlet, Patrick Cruttwell, explores in his writing titled The morality of Hamlet- ‘Sweet Prince or ‘Arrant Knave’? the purpose of religion during Elizabethan times to set moral value sets that often conflicted with man’s nature. Additionally, Cruttwell states the actions in the play aggressively clash with the religious values of the time period. Shakespeare illustrates throughout the play that not abiding by the only moral structure of the time period, religion, man is doomedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words    |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesinteresting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious

Printing and the History of Printing Processes

The earliest dated printed book known is Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date. Back then, printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint, and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum. Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. In 1452,  Johannes Gutenberg--a German blacksmith  craftsman, goldsmith, printer, and inventor--printed copies of the Bible on the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century.   A Timeline of Printing 618-906:  T’ang Dynasty - The first printing is performed in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks; multiple transfers of an image to paper begins.868:  Diamond Sutra  is printed.1241:  Koreans print books using movable type.1300:  The first use of wooden type in China begins.1309:  Europeans first make  paper. However, the Chinese and Egyptians had started making paper in previous centuries.1338:  The first paper mill opened in France.1390:  The first paper mill opened in Germany.1392:  Foundries that can produce bronze type are opened in Korea.1423:  Block printing is used to print books in Europe.1452:  Metal plates are first used in printing in Europe. Johannes  Gutenberg  begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456.1457:  The first color printing is produced by Fust and Schoeffer.1465:  Drypoint engravings are invented by Germans.1476:  William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England.1477:  Intaglio is firs t used for book illustration for Flemish book Il Monte Sancto di Dio.1495:  The first paper mill opened in England.1501:  Italic type is first used.1550:  Wallpaper is introduced in Europe.1605:  The first weekly newspaper is published in Antwerp.1611:  The King James Bible is published.1660:  Mezzotint--a method of engraving on copper or steel by burnishing or scraping away a uniformly roughened surface--is invented in Germany.1691:  The first paper mill is opened in the American colonies.1702:  Multicolored engraving is invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English-language daily newspaper--The Daily Courant--is published called.1725:  Stereotyping  is invented by William Ged in Scotland.1800:  Iron printing presses are invented.1819:  The rotary printing press is invented by David Napier.1829:  Embossed printing is invented by  Louis Braille.1841:  The type-composing machine is invented.1844:  Electrotyping is invented.1846:  The cylinder p ress is invented by Richard Hoe; it can print 8,000 sheets per hour.1863:  The rotary web-fed letterpress is invented by William Bullock.1865:  The web offset press can print on both sides of the paper at once.1886:  The linotype composing machine is invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler.1870:  Paper is now mass-manufactured from wood pulp.1878:  Photogravure printing is invented by Karl Klic.1890:  The mimeograph machine is introduced.1891:  Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 four-page papers per hour. Diazotype--in which photographs are printed on fabric--is invented.1892:  The four-color rotary press is invented.1904:  Offset lithography becomes common, and the first  comic book  is published.1907:  Commercial silk screening is invented.1947:  Phototypesetting  is made practical.59 B.C.:  Acta Diurna, the first newspaper, is published in Rome.1556:  The first monthly newspaper, Notizie Scritte, is published in Venice.1605:  The first printe d newspaper published weekly in Antwerp is called Relation.1631:  The first French newspaper, The Gazette, is published.1645:  Post-och Inrikes Tidningar is published in Sweden and is still being published today, making it the worlds oldest newspaper.1690:  The first newspaper is published in America: Publick Occurrences.1702:  The first English-language daily newspaper is published: The Daily Courant. The Courant was first published as a periodical in 1621.1704:  Considered the world’s first journalist, Daniel Defoe publishes The Review.  1803:  The first newspapers to be published in Australia include The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.1830:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 715.1831:  The famous abolitionist newspaper The Liberator is first published by  William Lloyd Garrison.1833:  The New York Sun newspaper costs one cent and is the beginning of the  penny press.1844:  The first newspaper is published in Thailand.1848:  The Brooklyn Freeman newspaper is first published by  Walt Whitman.1850:  P.T. Barnum starts  running newspaper ads for  Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale performances in America.1851:  The United States Post Office starts offering a cheap newspaper rate.1855:  The first newspaper published in Sierra Leone.1856:  The first full-page newspaper ad is published in the New York Ledger. Large type newspaper ads are made popular by photographer  Mathew Brady. Machines now mechanically fold newspapers.1860:  The New York Herald starts the first morgue--a morgue in newspaper terms means an archive.  1864:  William James Carlton of J. Walter Thompson Company begins selling advertising space in newspapers. The J. Walter Thompson Company is the longest-running American advertising agency.1867:  The first double column advertising appears for the department store Lord Taylor.1869:  Newspaper circulation numbers are published by George P. Rowell in the first Rowells American Newspaper Directory.1870:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 5,091.1871:  The first newspaper published in Japan is the daily Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun.  1873:  The first illustrated daily newspaper, The Daily Graphic, is published in New York.1877:  The first weather report with a map is published in Australia. The Washington Post newspaper first publishes, with a circulation of 10,000 and a cost of 3 cents per paper.1879:  The benday process--a technique for producing shading, texture or tone in line drawings and photographs by overlaying a fine screen or a pattern of dots, which is named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Day--improves  newspapers. The first whole-page newspaper ad is placed by American department store Wanamakers.1880:  The first halftone photograph--Shantytown--is published in a newspaper.1885:  Newspapers are delivered daily by train.1887:  The San Francisco Examiner is published.1893 :  The Royal Baking Powder Company becomes the biggest newspaper advertiser in the world.1903:  The first tabloid-style newspaper, The Daily Mirror, is published.1931:  Newspaper funnies now include Plainclothes Tracy, starring Dick Tracy.1933:  A battle develops between the newspaper and  radio  industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations.1955:  Teletype-setting is used for newspapers.1967:  Newspapers use digital production processes and begin using computers for operations.1971:  The use of offset presses becomes common.1977:  The first public access to archives is offered by Torontos Globe and Mail.2007:  There are now 1,456 daily newspapers in the United States alone, selling 55 million copies a day.2009:  This was the worst year in decades as far as advertising revenues for newspapers. Newspapers begin moving into online versions.2010-present:resent:  Digital printing becomes the new no rm, as commercial printing and publishing fade slightly due to technology.

Global Supply Chain Management Apple Inc. - 1716 Words

1. Introduction Global supply chain management is a complex business function that requires the company can manage multiple supply chain partners around the world. It is easy to identify that global supply chains can have more opportunities to meet specific challenges and risks comparing with domestic supply chains, such as culture shocks with suppliers and longer delivery time. Thus, the aim of this report is to analyse some global supply chain risks by using Apple Inc. as a case study. In the first part of this report, Apple’s supply chain will be break down into several parts and a potential risk analysis will be allocated for each part. Then, the degree of the circularity and some suggestions for Apple to improve its supply network presence will be provided. 2. Company Overview Apple Inc. is a company which designs, manufactures and sells PCs, digital music players, smartphones and other related products. The company was established in 1977 in California, US (Apple, 2014). According to Apple’s global supply network structure, the raw materials are mainly from US, Europe, China and other Asian countries. Next, all these materials will be sent to an assembly centre in China. After that, there will be two moving directions of these products. One way is to direct deliver products to customers who have already ordered products online through UPS or FedEx; the other rest products will be arranged in Apple’s warehouse in California. Once Apple stores and other retailers needShow MoreRelatedRunning Head : Apple Inc.1637 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPLE INC. Apple Inc. is a technological corporation that offers personal communication devices and the solutions to the related software,. The products produced by Apple Inc. include; iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Television, iPod, software applications, the iOS and OSX operating systems, iCloud, and many different accessories and the support offerings. Apple Inc. is also a supplier of digital content and applications via the services and support offerings. The products sellRead MoreChallenges Facing Global Business Environment Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesChallenges in the Global Business Environment Ongoing challenges in the global business environment are mostly attributed to unethical business practices, failure to embrace technology advancements, and intense competition among businesses. Apple Inc. is an example of a company that has faced challenges in the global business environment because of unethical business practices with regards to its suppliers’ compliance with the company’s code of conduct. Despite safety being one of the major componentsRead MoreAn Understanding Of Supply Chain Management Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesBeginning with an understanding of supply chain management, Hill et al. (2015) defines the task as managing the components from suppliers and the flow of inputs used in production to maximize inventory turnover, while minimizing inventory holding. Competing in the smart phone market requires Samsung to use innovation, a source of competitive advantage, possibly leading to high profit gains if production costs can be reduced and qual ity can be improved (Hill et al., 2015). Should Samsung succeedRead MoreInternal And External Analysis Of Apple Inc.991 Words   |  4 PagesApple Inc. under its founder Steve Jobs in 1976 has been involved in designing, manufacturing and selling of various products including notebook computers, iPhones, iLife, iPods, OS X operating system as well as accessories associated with these products. Apple has therefore maintained a robust competitive advantage in the media industry as well as computer software due to its adoption of high innovation technology and a renowned brand name. The aim of this paper is to explain and conduct an internalRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Apple Inc.1226 Words   |  5 Pages SWOT Analysis of Apple, Inc. Roberta Jones MGT450: Strategic Planning for Organizations Date Submitted Dr. Levith 8/15/16 SWOT Analysis of Apple, Inc. Company Overview: Apple Incorperated Apple Inc. was co-founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976 (Johnson, 2012). Originally, the duo sought to develop a simple micro-computer board that could be offered to small and businesses. However, since its conception, Apple exhibited unprecedented growth in the ICT industry with itsRead MoreApple, Inc. : An American International Corporation Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesApple, Inc. is an American international corporation. Their head office is located in Cupertino, California. The company create, build, and market customer electronics, computer software, online services and personal computers. The purpose of Apple, Inc. is to uphold and endure their quality. The company and the current market circumstances in which Apple, Inc. manages change swiftly and these variations have dictated rapid fluctuations in management. (Successful Companies, 2016). There most successfulRead MoreInternal External Factors - Apple Inc.1403 Words   |  6 Pagesemerge in the last th ree decades,† Apple has masterfully applied the four functions of management to their business strategy (Finkle and Mallin, 2011, p. 63). The first function, planning, focuses on the company’s strategy to set out and achieve their organizational goals. The technology industry is perpetually evolving to be successful Apple has to stay ahead of the curve using strategic planning to ensure that their innovative products dominate the market. Apple â€Å"stands for innovation in personalRead MoreOperations Management Is The Branch Of Management’S Science1571 Words   |  7 PagesOperations Management is the branch of management’s science concerned in studying how to achieve successful management with the day-by-day operations of an organization. This study is dedicated in developing and applying the methods that are necessary to achieve business and operations improvement of the company. You may find operations problems in any area of the company and production and those problems may start in buying the feedstock of the products and go from there to even the distributionRead MoreThe Value Chain Analysis : Apple Inc.1398 Words   |  6 Pages According to the wiki dictionary, â€Å"a value chain is a set of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market† (Michael E, 1985). Having a value chain is very important for companies nowadays because value chain analysis can assist companies in becoming more competitive in the intense market. Globalization decreases the time and cost between companies in different countries. It also provides convenience for companiesRead MoreApple Business Model And Corporate Social Responsibility1577 Words   |  7 Pages1. Apple Business model and corporate social responsibility 1.1 Business model involves the relation of the business’ strategy, organization and the revenue streams (Lazonick, Mazzucato Tulum, 2013, p.250). The elements included are products/service offering, customers, operations, infrastructure, costs, competitive advantage and input/transformation/output (Stokes, Wilson Mador, 2010, p 323) digitalbusinessmodelguru.com Key partnerships: All the elements, device layout, collection activities

Teacher Work Sample Part 7 Free Essays

Teacher work Sample: Standard 7 Lauren M. Evins EED/495 May 13, 2012 Professor Mark McCall Teacher Work Sample: Standard 7 Standard 7: Reflections and Self-Evaluation In the education profession, it is necessary for teachers to create lesson plans that adhere to national, state, and district learning standards. The ability to successfully create and implement these lessons that have goals and specific learning objectives is the responsibility of the teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Work Sample Part 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A way to evaluate the success of your instructional skills is through reflection and self-evaluation. Reflecting on your own teaching, shortcomings as well as successes, is a way to make sense of your own experiences and to gain perspective on the day-to-day workings of your own classroom. † A reflection and self-evaluation will be listed for this Teacher Work Sample. , which will include an analysis of instructional and student learning, and the effectiveness of teacher instruction. Throughout the implementation of my lessons from the Teacher Work Sample the lessons that contributed the most to student learning were the activities that required students to apply their knowledge in activities. These activities include the vocabulary words used in a sentence, the group discussion that allowed students to build on each other’s responses and knowledge, and the group projects that were a collaboration of student creativity. Some of the greatest barriers to achieving the desired learning results were overcoming the additional background knowledge that was needed to teach the unit lessons, which would consequentially be a need for improvement in the pre-assessment and the analysis of the pre-assessment. One factor that would be done to improve the acquisition of the desired learning results and improving student learning would be to spend more time reviewing supplemental and background information for the unit prior to introducing the unit, and creating a more detailed rubric that analyzed students’ prior knowledge. The repeated interruptions and deviations that were taken during lessons required additional modifications in instructional time management and steering the lesson back on path of the learning goals and objectives. Reviewing the seven standards listed in this Teacher Work Sample emphasized key areas of strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the work sample included Contextual Factors, Learning Goals and Objectives, and Design for Instruction. These strengths allowed a successful creation of goals and objectives that were aligned with Florida State Standards and were achieved with the majority of the student population, as seen in the Analysis of Learning Results. The ability to properly gather data and information in the Contextual Factors helped understand why some students had prior knowledge of Native Americans and why other students has less prior knowledge. The Design for Instruction was implemented with little to no problems; however, the flaws in instruction did not occur from the design they occurred from the Assessment Plan, which was a weakness and needed additional improvement. The Instructional Decision-Making was also a weakness in that student learning responses were not as anticipated regarding Native American background information and an additional need for improvement would include reacting and modifying lessons without deviating greatly from the original goals and objectives. My professional knowledge and skills were adequate to teach this unit, but my performance would have been enhanced if I had better analyzed the pre-assessment that was given at the beginning of the unit. As a professional, I would need to improve my ability to read and analyze assessment results, which could be the difference in student achievement and failure. The most significant learning insight achieved from this unit would be the understanding that despite detailed planning and instructional preparation, modifications in instruction will always arise and it is the teachers responsibility to make the necessary deviations but maintain the unit’s goals and objectives. In general, my analysis and self-reflection would e considered a success with minor weaknesses that would need improvement through workshops, training seminars, and/or with an experienced teacher’s help. Reference Module 6: Assessing teaching and learning. (2006). Retrieved May 12, 2012 from http://www. league. org/gettingresults/web/module6/teaching/teacher_reflections. html How to cite Teacher Work Sample Part 7, Essay examples

Advantages of ICT in Education-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are to develop a Plan to Implement a strategy for integration of ICT in your teaching for better student learning outcomes. Your plan should indicate how you will use Contemporary and emerging Technologies and Pedagogy. Answer: This is known as the virtual age and Information and communication technology or ICT is the process by which individuals, organizations or government run in the virtual world. It is the system by which information is processed, analyzed and sorted so that the end user gets the information they are looking for (Martnez-Caro, Cegarra-Navarro and Cepeda-Carrin 2015). Communication is a process using medium to give or take information in order to express ideas, emotions, basic information etc. ICT is an amalgamation of audiovisual networks, applications or devices that helps individuals, governments or organizations to interact with one another (Morgado et al. 2014). The communication medium has evolved itself a lot for facilitating todays daily activities. ICT Stands for "Data and Communication Technologies." ICT alludes to advances that give access to data through broadcast communications (Akarawang, Kidrakran and Nuangchalerm 2015). It is like Information Technology (IT), yet concentrates principally on correspondence advancements. In a previous couple of decades, data and communication improvements have furnished society with a huge range of new correspondence capacities. This incorporates the Internet, remote systems, PDAs, and other communication mediums. For instance, individuals can impart progressively with others in various nations utilising advancements, for example, texting, voice over IP, and video-conferencing. Interpersonal interaction sites like Facebook permit clients from everywhere throughout the world to stay in contact and impart all the time (Bandyopadhyay and Thakur 2016). Current data and correspondence innovations have made a "worldwide town," in which individuals can speak with others over the world as though they were living adjacent. Hence, ICT is frequently examined with regards to how present day correspondence advancements influence society. The tools that are used in ICT are a dynamic and ever changing or upgrading itself. Starting from traditional transistors and radio to the progressive technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics. ICT is regularly used for the advancement of socio-economic development, interpersonal communication and also intrapersonal communication at times. ICT has now enabled an individual to be connected to the rest of the world with just a click (Clark and Mayer 2016). The advancement of technology and modern medium has drastically changed the life of everyone. Social media is the new calling of the millennial people lead their life on social media. As it is so impactful and so diverse in nature ICT should be used consciously by everyone. It is impossible to predict or to even realize the reach and the ultimate boundaries of information technology (en.unesco.org 2017). Literature Review According to Das and Das (2015), ICT has set a new paradigm and benchmark in the education system in the recent times. It has made the learning process less monotonous and more dynamic there is a plethora of medium that are available. There is a large shortage of trained and skilled teachers, thanks to ICT there are now provisions of online classes which facilitates whiteboard collaboration along with sharing the content with pupils across the world. It is of the new parameters of quality education that is taken into consideration by parents when they admit their child to an A league school or college. The present generation is growing up surrounded with information technology hence it is much easier for this generation to imbibe the e-learning technicalities. In compared to the traditional learning process ICT has enable teachers to engage children better and have given them a wider view of the subjects. It facilitates communicative learning process. Das and Das (2015) has discussed about blended learning and how growth of ICT in the education sector is going to elevate the procedure of distance learning program. In colleges and places of higher education ICT has a special role to play as it is enabling to remove the stigma associated to distance education, rather the technologies available is making it possible to teach various subjects and offer a lot more flexibility in the course curriculum. In the report they have also pointed out the difficulties that are being faced by the digitalization of classrooms. The biggest confrontation that has been observed is from the teachers as they tend to believe in the misconception that technology is going to replace teachers in the future. The authors call this a misconception because there is already a scarcity of skilled teachers around the world and the technology is only to help the teachers in the communication process. It is not a replacement but is only a helping hand. Rather it is the other way around where the technology is dependent on the teacher for the better understanding of the pupils. Another issue with the technology that is discussed is the lack of training among the teachers. Most teachers cannot use the technology at disposal to its full capability. Tough teachers from UK, US, Japan and Australia are comparatively more enthusiastic than other countries where the resources are available. Challenges and Outcomes The part and capacity of utilisation Information Communication Technology (ICT) in precise instructing and learning in the classroom is to accomplish the targets of dialect educating and teaching. These days, schools and organisations give PCs as learning instruments to understudies to pick up information and experience (Rislana et al. 2016). By utilising PC, the understudies could without much of a stretch comprehend what their educator or speaker have instructed in class. The Web mainly gives more data and substitutes can achieve that data speedier than regular. It likewise offers many sorts of evidence and in the meantime, it is likewise could be advantageous learning instruments in training. Understudies could accumulate data from the web and trade their perspectives and suppositions with other individuals. This movement regards be a hone among understudies. Around then, the objective and target of instructing and learning process in the classroom could be accomplished. Likewise, there are many sorts of ICT devices, for example, original CD and interactive media programming. For instance, Microsoft Power Point and Quran-in Word could bolster the dialect educating and learning in the classroom. With a specific end goal to enhance their Arabic Language, for instance, the utilisation of Information Communication Innovation (ICT) in the Arabic Language should be urged to understudies (Said et al. 2016). Doing practices in the classroom as far as gathering talks and introductions are among the primary practices in instructing and learning the process. Ordinarily, as a piece of the learning procedure, home work and in-class practices are given to understudies to enable them in changing the lesson what they to have realised in the classroom. A portion of the destinations of the activities is to set them up in taking care of issues. Numerous techniques can be utilised as a part of instructing and learning the process. One of the strategies is by utilising sight and sound exercises in legitimate strides of teaching and learning process in the classroom (Schulte 2 014). Instructors could draw in the understudies' enthusiasm by applying courseware and media programming in 8 appropriate strides for the dialect class exercises. The eight significant progress in dialect educating, what's more, realising could satisfy instructional method angles and the educators can know whether the showing results have been entirely accomplished. Step One, educators need to get a quick lesson before going into the classroom. Step Two the teachers need to make understudies upbeat to learn, and that is by arranging intriguing set acceptance. Step Three and Four urge educators to comprehend and ace the subject and also conceivable because the lesson will be instructed utilising addressing and noting strategies. Step Five and Six will animate under study to be more innovative, helpful and dependable when they talk about and display their work. Step Seven will quantify and assess the educating and learning results or goals (Suzuki 2015). Step Eight will let understud ies comprehend the fundamental indicates and prepare them to do their home work. In this way, applying mixed media exercises could enhance understudy's dialect capability, and at the same time, they will acquire encounters utilising ICT. Advantages of ICT in education Instructors can make intuitive classes and make the lessons more pleasant, which could enhance understudy participation and fixation. Instructors can undoubtedly clarify complex guidelines and guarantee understudies' appreciation. Pictures can without much of a stretch be utilized as a part of instructing and enhancing the retentive memory of understudies Disadvantages of ICT in education Hard for instructors to use with an absence of experience utilizing ICT devices Too costly to manage Setting up the gadgets can be exceptionally troublesome. E-learning plan Teaching is a profession that has been practiced from a long time. The student-teacher equation changes as the student grows up. In many cultural teachers are regarded above parents it is a profession to be respected and cultivated. Spreading knowledge requires skills, not everyone who is an expert in a subject has the ability to impart the knowledge. First of all it is important to understand that by learning people perceive the conventional classroom teaching. In order to cultivate the e-learning system what is important is a proper training for the teachers to enable them to use the facilities to its full capacity (Balta and Duran 2015). Dedicated time should be allotted to every teacher in the institution to learn the technicalities of using digital media to teach children. Based on the subject expertise of the teacher the training session should be held. Because teaching math is a lot different form teaching history even in the digital space (Cherner, Dix and Lee 2014). The idea of teachers being replaced by technology should be wiped out and the teachers should learn to use the technology at disposal to enhance their teaching abilities and make the student understand better. Some of the tools which can be used in the teaching medium are: Interactive whiteboard It is an expensive installation but one of the most widely used ICT components. It is a device more like a white board which can be attached to a laptop or a tablet. The elements can be moved and change places according to the need of the teacher, so that it is easy to explain it to the children. One of the most innovate feature of this board is that it can also work as the traditional black board where the teacher writes to explain (Mangano et al. 2014). Here the instructor can not only write but this text can be saved as a document. So after erasing the text from the board the information is not lost. This is very helpful, in case of young kids most of the time it is a problem that they cannot keep up with the pace of the teacher and miss out bits and pieces of the notes that the teacher is putting up on the board (Surjono 2014). After installing the board every teacher should receive a through training for at least 10 days to learn the optimum utility of the device. If it is used creatively it can prove useful, informative, fun and also interactive. This should training period should take place while there is a long vacation for the students, so that it doesnt hamper the curriculum of the students. It is also important to incorporate the e-learning method from a fresh academic session instead of implementing it mid-way. Students may get confused and may not behave positively (bbcactive.com 2017). Though this is an expensive installation, it can also be deemed as cost effective because a fully equipped IT classroom is way more expensive than a whitebo Audiovisual Audiovisual medium has grown in leaps and bounces with the advancement of technology. Technologies which are available to create audio or visual elements are also becoming less expensive and are widely used by common people. The availability of these audios or videos is also just a click away. If a lecture is accompanied by an audio or visual clip of the relevant subject then it is much easier for the student to grasp the concept and remember it. This is where the usage of the white board is also important. It is much more effective as it binds the knowledge that the lecturer is trying to impart (De-Marcos et al. 2014). Social Media Social media is a revolutionary invention of this century, people from all over the word with an internet connection is connected to one another with a string. This is a set up ideal for distance education and learning purposes. This is mostly advisable for higher education, for students who are willing to learn and put that extra effort. Google plus or Google hangout is a popular platform and is being widely used for educational purposes. Seminars are held and participants from around the world are welcome to join. A seminar can also include a guest lecturer from another part of the world to the platform without being physically present through Skype or any other such medium (Hirsh-Pasek et al. 2015). Google Classroom There are many free applications which can be used by students and educators for learning purposes but Google has come up with one exclusive application which is custom built for the purpose of teaching. It is effective and saves a lot of precious time of teachers and students it allows submission of paper less assignments and notes. Circulation of notes is also easy as it automatically programmed to create folders and slip in the notes through Google drive. It allows the student to work in an organized way and keep track of the curriculum and assignments that are due (nytimes.com 2017). ICT Implementation in Teaching The foundation of the orderly approach to instructing and learning is a push to build up an effective instructing and learning an in-class framework that reflects four academic variables considered for its usage are: Responsible: Effective educating requires the meaningful sense of duty regarding substance and topics. Educators must have an awareness of other's expectations towards the level of comprehension of the understudies (Caball and Claris 2016). This capable factor ought to be connected at step 4 (Constructive reactions by addressing and noting methods) and at step 6 (amass introductions and extra contributions from the educator). Cooperation: Teachers support investment among colleagues cooperatively. Associate learning and partaking in gatherings will upgrade self-directedness, esteem fellow member's thoughts and step by step instructions to effectively include as a group (Gruner 2016). This Cooperation factor ought to be connected at step 3 (co-working in any great exertion for the educating and learning in the classroom) and at step 5 (in the assemble talk among understudies or in-class work out) Reflectivity: Teachers ability to think about instructing. The consciousness of educators to synchronise educating and learning the process with the understudies learning styles (Juuti 2016). Recorded reflectivity is crucial in knowing how learning takes places and fills in as assets for additionally explore. Left cerebrum is much fitting in reflectivity. Intelligent factor ought to be connected at step 1 (providing lesson design, getting ready showing helps, assets and classroom participation, mirroring the past lesson design to direct a superior experience) and at step 7 (to gauge and assess the goals of instructing and learning, ponder the showing results which expressed in the lesson intend to quantify the educating destinations). The framework executed ought to dependably be considered, assessed and enhanced including the educating, learning and school organisation. Creativity: Creativity is a promise to transference new information and produces new thoughts. Innovativeness expanded an intricate and modern intellectual considering. Educators part are to invigorate also, empower imagination in substantive ways (Lee and Jin 2015). Inventiveness condition more control over the right mind. Inventive factor ought to be connected at step 2 (set enlistment which is applicable and intriguing) what's more, at step 8 (conclusion and giving homework for understudies). Inventiveness is to be able to deliver, develop and enhance i.e. on the quality. Moreover, the talked with educators particularly underline the instructors' disposition concerning the utilisation of ICT in training. New things are threatening and are causing resistance. The professors call attention to an 'expert state of mind'. Imperative components of this state of mind are open for advancements as a rule and of ICT specifically (McGill, Koppi and Armarego 2014). In the distributed writing, there are signs for this too. Inside this theme, one of our respondents called attention to the way that ICT is the most central of changes (in training) up until now. Surprisingly, youngsters can accomplish something their folks can't and which guardians really will never learn it similarly. Commonly for professional instruction in The Netherlands is the way that schools regularly give little-scaled courses, for the most part for the local work advertise. This requires an open state of mind with a solid emphasise on trading data and a different offer of chances. Notwithstan ding for this, the instructor needs particular abilities (Reddy and Kumar 2014). It concerns skills like developing and looking after systems, social aptitudes and sensitivity for the issues organisations are confronting. An advanced driver's permit and other particular ICT-aptitudes. From the writing and our meetings, we grabbed motions about alleged essential ICT information and abilities an instructor needed to have. Consequently, so-called 'ICT drivers licenses' have been made to fill in as instruments for proficient improvement of trainers. Nonetheless, a few inquiries can be gotten some information about their handiness. The feelings vary on this issue. Conclusion The difference between an animal and a human being is the presence of a conscious mind with which we have the ability to learn and adapt to the change and upgrade ourselves to live in a society. Knowledge is precious it empowers an individual to live a life of wellbeing. Hence teachers play an important role in the lives of every individual from a very young age. With the advancement of technology now there are several ways with which we can learn more easily. ICT like any other sphere of life has also changed the education system worldwide. Many argue that the traditional way is the most effective teaching method but it is this is a subjective behavior. It depends up on the circumstances, the subject and the person who is teaching along with many other circumstances. References Akarawang, C., Kidrakran, P. and Nuangchalerm, P., 2015. Enhancing ICT competency for teachers in the Thailand basic education system.International Education Studies,8(6), p.1. Balta, N. and Duran, M., 2015. Attitudes of students and teachers towards the use of interactive whiteboards in elementary and secondary school classrooms.TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,14(2). Bandyopadhyay, S. and Thakur, S.S., 2016. ICT in Education: Open Source Software and its Impact on Teachers and Students.International Journal of Computer Applications,151(6). bbcactive.com. 2017.Interactive Whiteboard. [online] Available at: https://www.bbcactive.com/BBCActiveIdeasandResources/Whatisaninteractivewhiteboard.aspx [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017]. Caball, S. and Claris, R., 2016.Formative Assessment, Learning Data Analytics and Gamification: In ICT Education. Morgan Kaufmann. Cherner, T., Dix, J. and Lee, C., 2014. Cleaning up that mess: A framework for classifying educational apps.Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education,14(2), pp.158-193. Clark, R.C. and Mayer, R.E., 2016.E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. John Wiley Sons. De-Marcos, L., Domnguez, A., Saenz-de-Navarrete, J. and Pags, C., 2014. An empirical study comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning.Computers Education,75, pp.82-91. en.unesco.org. 2017.Education. [online] Available at: https://en.unesco.org/themes/ict-education [Accessed 26 Jul. 2017]. Gruner, S. ed., 2016.ICT Education: 45th Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers' Association, SACLA 2016, Cullinan, South Africa, July 5-6, 2016, Revised Selected Papers(Vol. 642). Springer. Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J.M., Golinkoff, R.M., Gray, J.H., Robb, M.B. and Kaufman, J., 2015. Putting education in educational apps: lessons from the science of learning.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,16(1), pp.3-34. Juuti, K., 2016. Maija Aksela, Ph. D., Professor, works as the Head of LUMA (STEM) Centre Finland in University of Helsinki. Her research interests include eg non-formal education, teacher education and ICT education. Satu Grnthal, Ph. D., is Adjunct Professor in Finnish Literature at the Universities of Helsinki and Turku. She teaches Finnish and Finnish Literature in Education.Miracle of Education: The Principles and Practices of Teaching and Learning in Finnish Schools, p.285. Lee, J. and Jin, S., 2015, July. Developing ICT Competencies of Students who are gifted in Math and Science. InProceedings of International Academic Conferences(No. 2604498). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences. Mangano, N., LaToza, T.D., Petre, M. and van der Hoek, A., 2014, April. Supporting informal design with interactive whiteboards. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 331-340). ACM. Martnez-Caro, E., Cegarra-Navarro, J.G. and Cepeda-Carrin, G., 2015. An application of the performance-evaluation model for e-learning quality in higher education.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(5-6), pp.632-647. McGill, T., Koppi, T. and Armarego, J., 2014. ICT industry involvement with ICT education and research in universities: Industry perceptions.Innovation in Teaching and Learning in Information and Computer Sciences, pp.1-18. Morgado, E.M.M., Ortuo, R.A.C., Yang, L.L. and Ferreras-Fernndez, T., 2014. Adaptation of Descriptive Metadata for Managing Educational Resources in the GREDOS Repository.International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM),10(4), pp.50-72. nytimes.com. 2017.How Google Took Over the Classroom. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/13/technology/google-education-chromebooks-schools.html [Accessed 27 Jul. 2017]. Reddy, A.R.B. and Kumar, M.V., 2014, December. Improving the quality of engineering education in India: A research on ICT based education system in RGUKT. InMOOC, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 313-316). IEEE. Rislana, K., Good, A., Adams, C. and Scott, P., 2016, June. The Role of ICT Education and Trainings in Poverty Reduction and Economic Empowerment: A Case Study of Jigawa State Government ICT4D Intervention. InECEG2016-Proceedings of 16th European Conference on e-Government ECEG 2016(p. 177). Academic Conferences and publishing limited. Said, M.N.H.M., Yahaya, N., Abdullah, Z., Atan, N.A. and Zaid, N.M., 2016. The Nature of Student Group Online Interactions in Learning ICT Education. InEnvisioning the Future of Online Learning(pp. 31-51). Springer Singapore. Schulte, B., 2014. Governing technologies: Information and communication technologies (ICT), education, and political power in China. InXXVI Conference of the Comparative Education Society in Europe. Surjono, H.D., 2014. The evaluation of a moodle based adaptive e-learning system.International Journal of Information and Education Technology,4(1), p.89. Suzuki, T., 2015. Practice of Tablet Device Classesin Keio Yochisha Primary School-ICT Education from Primary School First Grade.PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences,1(1).

Evolution of Manufacturing

Question: Using the concepts of globalisation, lean operations, JIT and TQM, discussed in the first session, and in your own words,summarise the evolution of production processes. Then choose one of the aspects discussed in the report as an example to illustrate what you consider to be the most significant current and/or future developments. Answer: Manufacturing is defined as the production of goods that can be sold in the market. It involves usage of labour, machinery, tools, chemical processing, biological processing or formulation to develop finished or semi-finished products. Manufacturing has evolved with the elapse of time and is no more just limited to the production of physical products. In the beginning, the manufacturing was done using labour and the labour was not treated properly but after a great number of revolutions and technological advancements, the manufacturing process is now largely dependent upon complex machineries, tools and robots while the human effort has been reduced to a great extent ("The future of manufacturing: Making things in a changing world", 2015). EVOLUTION OF MANUFACTURING The earliest manufacturing processes were done by skilled people, such as ironsmith, goldsmith, etc. with their own hands and usage of simple tools and techniques. With the evolution of science, technology and machinery, all the manufacturing processes became automated while slowly and steadily, the requirement of manual labour was totally out-dated by efficient and latest machinery. The changes in demands of the consumers and the increase in competition brought about further advancements in the manufacturing processes. The machines in the present day are so efficient that some of them can handle the work or hundreds of humans with high accuracy and efficiency. These machines have manufacturing capacities which can never be matched by the human efforts. Let us study some concepts that have brought about some revolutionary changes in the manufacturing practices and operations: Globalisation globalisation is defined as the process of exchange of goods and services across countries. Gl obalisation has been responsible for a great number of changes that the world has experienced in the past few years. With the spread of globalisation, consumers and manufacturers could increase their reach and could experience the technology and processes that were changing the world. As they were able to get their hands upon the latest technological innovation, they brought the technology back to their own countries and developed their manufacturing processes. The concept of globalisation has actually changed the way of manufacturing as even a slightest of innovation or technological change spreads like fire throughout the world and new manufacturing processes are coming up on a daily basis (wiliam, 2016). Lean manufacturing the evolution of manufacturing was not just concerned with improving the efficiencies and using new innovations but was also aimed at reducing the wastage and adding value to the processes being used in the manufacturing. Lean manufacturing was another concept that changed the definition of manufacturing ("Lean Manufacturing: Working More Efficiently", 2016). It aims at reducing the unwanted steps or inefficiencies that dont add value to the final product. Total Quality Management total quality management is another new concept that aims at increasing the consumer satisfaction by increasing the quality of the final product. The concept has also increased the focus of manufacturing processes on the final product and the fulfilment of consumer satisfaction ("Total Quality Management (TQM): What is TQM? | ASQ", 2016). CONSUMER DEMAND From the report, The Future of Manufacturing Making Things in a Changing World given by Deloitte University Press, the concept that is presently, and in the near future, is going to affect the manufacturing process is consumer demand. Consumer demands are the ones that shape the market, the operations of the company and the manufacturing process. The consumers in the present day world are smart and have access to global information, which increases their awareness about products, services, markets, companies and the manufacturing processes. The consumers of these days play a great role in the customization of the products and even companies these days are eager to gather views and ideas from them as they are the ones who have to use the end product. The consumers these days have high bargaining power and have a major role to play in the personalization, customization and co-creation of products or services. For example, the dependency on machinery for manufacturing has increased the value and demand for handmade product. As a result, handmade products are becoming costly and the demand of the consumers for handmade products is bringing about a change in the manufacturing processes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the changing trends in the demands of the consumers are bringing a great number of changes in the manufacturing processes and would continue to do so in the near future. REFERENCES Companies respond to customer needs with demand-driven manufacturing. (2016). SearchManufacturingERP. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/feature/Companies-respond-to-customer-needs-with-demand-driven-manufacturingHistory and development of modern manufacturing processes, Manufacturing Info. (2016). Businessknowledgesource.com. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://businessknowledgesource.com/manufacturing/history_and_development_of_modern_manufacturing_processes_028691.htmlLean Manufacturing: Working More Efficiently. (2016). Mindtools.com. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_44.htmThe future of manufacturing: Making things in a changing world. (2015). Deloitte University Press. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://dupress.com/articles/future-of-manufacturing-industry/Total Quality Management (TQM): What is TQM? | ASQ. (2016). Asq.org. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://asq.org/learn-about-quality/total-quali ty-management/overview/overview.htmlwiliam, S. (2016). Effects of globalisation on production, Globalisation and Corporations, The Global Citizen Ecology and Economy, SOSE Year 9, QLD | Online Education Home Schooling Skwirk Australia. Skwirk.com. Retrieved 1 July 2016, from https://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-57_u-507_t-1377_c-5299/effects-of-globalisation-on-production/qld/sose-geography/the-global-citizen-ecology-and-economy/globalisation-and-corporations